2. Final Cut Pro

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Final Cut Pro Workflow

1. Planning

2. Gathering your media

3. Building your story 

4. Organizing your story

5. Trimming your story

6. Adding transition

7. Adding text and effect

8. Finishing your audio

9. Rendering 

10. Exporting

11. Outputting to Tape

Naming Your Files

TAPE / Reel ID

Project "les

Graphics and images

Sample project or graphic : JM01

Sample tape : JM01_02

Organizing Your Files

Final cut only stores reference to "les, not the "les themselves

Store project and related "les on your boot drive

Store media on a separate hard drive(Recommended)

EX) Boot Drive - FCP Projects - Short Movie - Project "les ("nal cut studio project "les)

2nd Drive - Final Cut Pro Documents (Media)

Sample Workflows

SD - Select Settings to match your camera

HDV - Edit natively for cuts or limited effects

ProRes 422 - Don’t use for SD

• Use to reduce HD "le sizes

• Use to render HDV for faster renders

• HD - Select settings to match your "nal output

Getting Started

Choose Setup - Primary Scratch Disk - Check Again

System Setting

Minimum 10000 MB, Memory 90%

Easy Setup

Audio/Video Settings

User Preferences

Auto save Vault 15,20,15 (Recommend)

Interface

Navigating - arrow key, space key, J K L key(capturing)

J+K, K+L key, Entering Time code, Canvas moving same

Time code - Drop(Real Time for broadcasting) semicolon(;)

Non Drop(Film, Animation, Commercial) colon(:)

Customizing Windows

Window - arrange - two up - by dragging (Control + U - reset)

Save window layout and open, Browser meta data, change columns

Customizing timelines labels keyboard

Timeline bar (through + cut ribbon), Option or Shift + dragging timeline height

Tool - burton bars, button list dragging and place on the timeline

Keyboard layout key board unlock and change

User Preferences - changes labels

Tool palette

Audio meters

View menu

Video playback - set Digital Cinema Desktop preview

Key Board Short Cut

J - K - L = Rewind - Stop - Play

Control + U = Default window layout

Shift + Z = Fits to Window

A = Selects Arrow tool

Cmd + 1 = Selects Viewer Cmd + 2 = Canvas

Cmd + 3 = Timeline Cmd + 4 = Browser

Importing

Import only link not really import

Cmd + I = Import each "le

Can import folder also

Converting compressed audio

Final Cut only supports AIFF, WAV, SD2(Uncompressed "les)

Itunes - Preference - Importing Setting - AIFF Encoder - Right Click - Convert Selection to AIFF

Capturing

Easy Setup, Audio/Video setting for Capturing and creates New Project and Save

Checking Capture Scratch Folder

Device Setting

1394 4 pin Cam - 1394 6 pin Com - Turn on Cam(Dec) - Turn on Hard Disk -Turn on Computer - Start FCP - Quit FCP - Turn off Hard Disk - Turn off Cam

View - Refresh A/V Device, External Video - Set All Frames, Set Video playback

File - Log and Capture

Message - [VTP OK] means Machine control OK

Logging Footage

Every tape needs unique name check boxes, click slate button numbering

Clip Setting - mono, stereo, video only or vice versa

Capture setting

Capturing Footage

Clip Capture - Set In and Out - Click Clip

Batch Capture : Log Clip - Select Clips - Batch Capture - Selected Items In Logging Bin - Add Handles One Sec - Insert Reel - Capturing - Done - Finished

Now Capture: Whole footage

Check - Final Cut Pro Documents - Capture Project

If you capture a long clip(DV) Mark - DV Start/Stop detect

Final Cut "nds marks and makes subclips

Capturing HDV

Set up HDV

If you use different format of video clips

User Preferences - Check Prompt for Setting on New Sequence

Log and capture - Defends kinds of cameras

Clip : Same as dv or can’t

Now: Play HDV and Final Cut captures clips automatically

Tapeless Source

Log and Transfer - Import P2 File - Set In and Out - Drag media clips to queue

Circle Indicates that you capture whole or part clips

Each Clips has unique names ex) 004AY, 005FJ and can change the names

Key Board Short Cut

Cmd + 8 = Opens Log & Capture

Shift + Cmd + 8 = Opens Log & Transfer

J - K - L = Revers - Stop - Play

Shift I / O = Shuttles tape to In / Out

Cmd + W = Closes Log & Capture or Log & Transfer Window

Control + Q = Opens Easy Set up Window

Shift + Cmd + N = Creates new project

Managing Media

Making "les go offline

Modify - Make offline - Leave Them on the Disk

Move Them to the Trash, Delete Them from the Disk

Reconnecting "les

Locate - if you’ve changed the name Search - if you haven’t change the name

Matched name and reel only checked - "nds the matched name and highlighted files

unchecked - you can select any files

Building Your Story

Viewing and marking clips

New - Sequence - (space) Seq - my edit, graphic and sequence same icon

Sequence takes memories, also can close, preview drag navigating

Setting mark in and out ( short cut I, O )and drag

Basic Editing

Previewer drag to Canvas

Overwrite (drag viewer or click button or F10) - Lose data, no time changes

Insert - lose data anything, cut audio and change time

Icon point down is overwrite point right is insert

Deleting in and out is Option + I, O

Three Point , Back time, Replace, Fit to Fill, Storyboard Editing

Key Board Short Cut

I / O = Sets In point and out point

Shift + I / O = Jumps Playhead to In / Out

Option + I / O = Deletes In point and out point

F10 = Overwrite F9 = Insert

X = Sets In point and Out point

Option + X = Deletes In point and Out point

Cmd + N = Creates new sequence

Creating Subclips

Set in and out - Modify - Make subclip

Subclips do not duplicate master clips (inside stuff)

Edit subclips on timeline (can contain many clips - new sequence)

Remove subclip - Modify - Remove subclip limit

Key Board Short Cut

Cmd + U = Creates subclip

M = Creates markers

Shift + M = Jumps playhead to next marker

Option + M = Jumps playhead to previous marker

Using Markers

Clip markers

Timeline makers

Editing markers

Edit makers = m on makers and put information

Reposition - Mark - Markers - Reposition

Delete = Put m on maker and delete

Special Markers

Chapter Markers - DVD chapter

Scoring Makers - Soundtrack Pro makers score in point and out point

Compression Makers - Compressor GOP 15 frames(Pan and moving clips)

Key Board Short Cut

M = Creates makers

M + M = Opens edit marker dialog box

Control + ~ = Deletes all markers

Organizing Your Story

Selecting Clips - single clips or drag multi clips or select all clips

Pallet - Select track tool, Edit Selection tools(Trim edit)

Deleting clips = select and delete key

Deleting clips without caps - Sequence Ripple delete or selecting gaps and delete key

Moving Clips - Dragging clips or Option + drag (changing locations of clips and duplicating)

Copying Clips - Cmd + C, V

Deselecting Auto Select Button = Going to the lowest line

Matching Clips

F = Opens match the frame in viewer

Modify - rename - file to match clip vice versa

Reconnect Media

Key Board Short Cut

Cmd + A = Selects all clips

F = Opens match frame in viewer

Shift + F = Locates master clip in browser

Option + click = Turns on / off all Auto select buttons excepted the one clicked

Trimming Your Story

When Snapping button on it makes hard to trim

Single Blazer - Cuts one time video audio same time (set button trim separately)

Double Blazer - Cuts all of track at the same time

Ripple Edits

Locating ripple tool to the edge of clips

Ripple tool (rr) one sided trimming

Role tool (r) Two sided trimming

Trim edit window

Two up - Trim edit window - choose one clip or both - clicks rolling frames

If Dynamic checked - Real time preview

Slip and Slide tool For Middle clip

Key Board Short Cut

N = Toggles snapping on / off

R = Selects Roll tool

R+R = Selects Ripple tool

S = Selects Slip tool

V = Moves playhead to the edit

U = Selects the In, Out or both

E = Move edit to playhead

Double-click = edit Opens Trim Edit window

Option-click = Selects just video or audio

Transition

Transition edit box - double click

Favorite or default transition

Rendering top line video bottom line audio

CSI Transition

Key Board Short Cut

Cmd + T = Applies the default video transition

Cmd + Option + T = Applies the default audio transition

Option + P = Plays unrendered section without first rendering

Changing Clip Speed

Creating a still frame - Modify - Make Freeze Frame

Creating a constant speed change

Affects both audio and video

Always changes the duration of the clip

Always changes the duration of the timeline

Always plays from the In to the Out

A variable speed change

Affect only video

Never changes the duration of the clip

Never changes the duration of the timeline

Select pen tool and angle of the line changes speed

Option + Ctrl + F can change speed without changing the length of the clip

Making a Fit to Fill edit

Dragging clip to Canvas fit to fill

Using Optical Flow for slow motion

Send to Motion and done and save

Needs Rendering Again

Key Board Short Cut

Shift + N = Creates freeze frame

Cmd + J = Display constant speed change dialog

F 11 = Performs replace edit

Shift + F11 = Perform Fit to Fill edit

P = Selects key frame pen tool

Control-Click = Displays pop-up menu to send clip to Motion

Working with Text

Tips

Don’t use text smaller than 24 points

Avoid highly ornate or curvy fonts

Avoid fonts with thin lines

Add a drop shadow

Creating Full Screen Text

Sample text

Drag to canvas - superimpose - double click and modify

Can choose font, tracking, leading, aspect

Font color uses I drop

Origin - Move the centre, click the cross and drag

Creating a Credit Scroll

TV Style

Film Style - * and centre and gap width

Fade Style - Crop bottom a little

Creating a lower-third text crawl

Creating a 3D title with Boris 3D

Key Board Short Cut

Ctrl + X = Creates text clip

Option + P = Plays an unrendered clips

Ctrl + Option + W = Toggle overlays

Cmd + R = Renders selection

Option + R = Renders entire sequence

Cmd + F12 = Switches to full screen playback

Esc = Switches from full screen to standard playback

Using Video Generators

Bars and tone : Level rules - Analog format set at to 0. HD, DV set at to -12

Default setting is 10 sec - User preferences - Editing - Still/freeze duration

Gradient : can change shape and colour

Noise - Control - Random Seed - Key frame - Animates Noise

Shapes - Size, Softness, Color, Ratio

Etc...

Composite Mode

The process of creating a new image by combining multiple images is called “composing”

Composites based on luminance : Screen, Overlay, Multiply

Composites based on color : Subtract, Difference

Composites based on transparency : Travel matte - alpha

Based on Luminance

Screen - Lightest Values

Multiply - Darkest Values

Overlay - Both Lightest and Darkest Values

Screen - Lightest Values

Multiply - Darkest Values

Multiply Sample

Overlay - Darkest and Lightest Values

Subtract - Darken all overlapping colors. Whites in the foreground image go black, while whites in the

background image invert overlapping color values in foreground image, creating a negative effect. Blacks

in the foreground image become transparent, while blacks in the background image are preserved.

Overlapping midrange color values are darkened based on the color of the background image. In areas

where the background is lighter than the foreground, the background image is darkened. In areas where

the background is darker than the foreground, the colors are inverted.

Different - The Difference composite mode is similar to the subtract composite mode, except that areas of

the image that would be severely darkened by the Subtract composite mode are colored differently.

Subtract

Different

Normal - Default mode

Add - Emphasized the both white and color values are add together

Hard Light - Whites and blacks in the foreground image block overlapping areas in the background image. Overlapping midrange color values are mixed together differently depending on the brightness of the background color values.

 Soft Light - Similar to Overlay. Whites and blacks in the foreground image become translucent but interact with the color values of the background image.

Darken - Darken emphasizes the darkest parts of each overlapping image.

Lighten - Lighten emphasizes the lightest parts of each overlapping image.

Add

Hard Light

Soft Light

Darken

Lighten

Alpha channel

EX) Texture, Beauty, Landscape, Blue screen

Timecode Reader(Video Filters - Video - Timecode Reader - Screen)

Effects

• Motion Effects change the size, shape, position, speed, or opacity of a clip and video only

• Filter Effects change the look of a video or the sound of an audio clip

Motion Effects

Canvas - 3rd Button - Image, Image + Wireframe (Can manipulate size, shape and position), Wireframe (Out line of shape, requires no rendering and even slow computers can see moving and geometry and so on)

The number on the wire(1,2,3...) indicates tracks of the clip

We can resize, rotate, reposition the clip

Holding Shift key down change the aspect ratio

Holding Cmd key down change scale and rotate at same time

Crop tool : Palette - Crop key - can crop the image

Holding Cmd key down can crop opposite side at the same time

Holding Shift key down holding aspect ratio

Holding Cmd, Shift key down at the same time can crop all four sides at the same time

Holding Option key down allow not holding the aspect ratio

tool : Distort Palette - next to Crop tool.

Can distort the shape

Motion tab : More precise way to change

Center + mark : can change rotation, left - horizontal position, right - vertical position

Anchor Point : center point of the rotation

Crop : Percentage of merging

Edge Feather : Makes edge soft

Reset : Red Mark

Opacity : Transparent

Key Board Short Cut

W = Toggles Image, Image/wireframe, or Wireframe modes in canvas and viewer

Q = Selects Canvas or Viewer

Shift & Cmd = Constrains dragging movement in canvas

A = Selects Arrow tool

C = Selects Crop tool

D = Selects Distort tool

Option + W = Toggles Timeline opacity line

Motion Effects with Key Frame

Keyframes - #ying planes

Setting keyframe : click on the line

Deleting keyframe : click on the point

Pen tool : Palette - Pen tool

Click with pen tool sets the key frame, Option key with pen tool deletes the key frame

Clicking arrow allows to move previous and next key frames

Changing keyframe - hold and drag

Scale and keyframes

Center point can change position of the clip

Change the center point and click wireframe you can see a Motion Path

Motion blur : ex) Text moving

Using Favorite Motion vs. Paste Attributes

Adding Bezier curves to keyframes by pen tool

Timeline editing drag rectangle can stretch timeline

Key Board Short Cut

Option + arrow tool = Creates/deletes keyframes

P = Selects Pen tool

Shift + Cmd + drag = Moves image and motion path in Canvas

Option + V = Pastes clip attributes

Option + Up/Down arrow = Moves a clip up, or down, a track

Working with Graphics

Computers use square pixels, video uses rectangular pixels. Images need to compensate for the difference

Video image

Fixed resolution

White levels < = 100%

Gamma (mid-tone) = 2.2

8- or 10-bit resolution

YUV (YCrCb) color space

Rectangular pixel aspect ratio

Computer image

Variable resolution

White levels < = 109%

Gamma = 1.8 (Mac) 2.2 (Win) 2.2 (Now)

Up to 12 - bit resolution

RGB color space

Square pixel aspect ratio

Importing a Circle tif and a psd "le.

Sequence - Sequence Setting - Video Processing

Always Render in RGB - 3D MAYA and so on

Render in 8 bit YUV - Normal mode, faster

Render all YUV material in high-precision YUV - Color work, high quality

Leave set to white - super white is for web and so on.

Export Still - Using QuickTime Conversion set Still Image. Filter - Video - De-lnterlaced, change aspect ratio on photoshop

Key Board Short Cut

Cmd + I = Import "les

Cmd + [plus] = Zoom into the Canvas, Timeline, or Viewer

Cmd + - = Zoom out of Canvas, Timeline, or Viewer

Shift + Z = Fit to window

Shift + K = Jump to next keyframe

Option + K = Jump to previous keyframe

Using Filter Effect

Applying Video Filters

Effects - Video Filters - choose

Applying Audio Filters

Same as video

Ex) Reverberation, High Pass, Low Pass,

Modify - Audio - Apply Normalization Gain - set to -4.5

Combining Filters - ex) Bevel, Desaturate, Blur

Filters with key frames

Set to favorite "lters - Make favorite effect

delete favorite "lters - delete favorite effect in the viewer

Key Board Short Cut

Option + P = Play unrendered clips

Option + Cmd + R = Mixdown unrenderd audio

Cmd + C = Copy clip

Option + V = Paste attributes of a clip

Control + U = Reset windows to default layout

Option + F = Make Favorite effect

Control + F = Make Favorite motion

Using Filter Effect

Motion Template : Sequence - Add Master Template

Smoothcam : Effects - Video Filters - Video - Smoothcam

Fxplug - Effect Availability - set as you want

Text + Glow Filters

Color Correction

Changing color has no impact on contrast

Always set contrast "rst

- Black levels always set to 0%

- White levels must not exceed 100%

Equal amounts of red, green, and blue equal black, white, or gray

To remove a color, add the opposite color

How to read scopes bw

Window - arrange - color correction

Waveform indicates grayscale

How to read scopes color

Window - arrange - color correction

Vactorscope indicates color and saturation

Skin Tone Guidelines

Caucasian skin tone : 45 - 60 gray scale, Saturation around 2nd circle

Asian / Hispanic skin tone : 35 - 50% gray scale Saturation between 1st & 2nd circle

Black skin tone : 20 - 45% gray scale Saturation around 1st circle

Put the playhead in the clip you want to color correct and select the clip

Apply the Color Corrector 3-way "lter

Double-click the clip to load into the Viewer and click the Color Corrector 3-way tab

Set the black level to 0% and set the white level to just below 100%

View - Range Check - Excess Luma

If necessary, color correct the white

Using Histogram

Fix color

Start with contrast "rst

Set white balance - using Auto-balance Color or manually

Check RGB parade and "x white balance

Editing Audio

Linked Clips

- Mono and Stereo indicated by ribbon

- In and Out same as pictures

Waveforms and The Viewer

- Adjust Level Pan(left and right)

- Red Reset Button

- Can’t drag audio "les by hand button

- Pallet Pen Tool

Option Click = Delete Pen Tool

Editing Audio and Video

Modify - Stereo pair

Patch Panel Match Move(drag) or

If you wanna bring video only or audio make gap(click) v1, a1, a2

Linking and Unlinking Clips

Modify - Link Video to Audio (No video to video)

Trimming

Option Click = Trimming Video or Audio Only

Track Locks and Visibility Green Lights

Clip Enable, Green Light, Lock

Key Board Short Cut

Option + Cmd + W = Display waveform in timeline

Option + click = Selects only audio and video

F6 + number = Video patch track

F7 + number = Audio a1 patch track

F8 + number = Audio a2 patch track

Shift + F4 = Lock/unlock all video tracks Shift + F5 = Lock/unlock all audio tracks

Control + B = Toggles clip visibility

Mixing Audio

Using the Audio Meter and Clip Light

Yellow Bar - Peek Hold Indicator

0 - Loudest Sound 96 - Dead Quite

Setting Clip Audio Levels

Total Mix: -3 to -6 dB

Principal Audio: -6 to -12 dB (main speech)

Sound Effects: -12 to -18 dB

Music: -18 dB

Click - Toggle Clip Overlays (lift side of timeline) - Indicates level of audio on the timeline

Modify - Audio - Apply Normalization Gain

If you type speci"c number sound never exceed the number

Mixing Audio

Modify - Levels(gain adjust) relative(subjective) and absolute(objective)

When you handle two clips same time

Mute Key

Transition Audio Same as Video

Start Sound - Audio Transition Cross Audio Cross Fade With Two Clips

Using the Audio Mixer

Window - Audio Mixer

Set Tracks

Set Record Button - Set key frames

Mark - Audio mark peak - com is detecting audio peak - marker indicate over peak

Make paste attribute - same mark

Key Board Short Cut

Option + W = Turns on timeline audio levels (red rubber bands)

Option + Cmd + L = Opens Audio Levels dialog

Control + [ = Lowers audio gain -3 dB Control + ] = Raises audio gain +3 dB

Option + 6 = Displays audio mixer

Shift + Cmd + K = Toggles recording audio keyframes

Shift + K = Jumps to next keyframe

Option + K = Jumps to previous keyframe

Rendering

To “render” means to calculate. It is necessary whenever the computer can’t play your effect in real-time

FCP always renders before outputting

Render "les are created and stored by sequence in your scratch disks

Each sequence frame has one, and only one, render frame associated with it

Render "les are the same quality and size as your sequence

Render "les only need to be managed when a project is over

Storage : 2nd Drive - Render Files - FCP creates render "le folders automatically

Don’t change storage

Color of render "les

- Safe RT(High playback quality), Unlimited RT(Low playback quality)

First render bar - video, Second render bar - audio

Easy setup - can change number of Real-time Audio track

Tools - Quick view allows you can see 10 sec(or set in and out) without rendering by RAM

Deleting

Turn off visibility light - one track

Right click - Clip unable - one clip

Tools - Render Manager - Delete render "les

Key Board Short Cut

Option + P = Play unrendered clips

Option + Cmd + R = Mixdown unrendered audio

Option + 8 = Open QuickView window

Cmd + R = Render selected clip

Control + R = Render entire sequence

Control + B = Toggle clip visibility

Option + click = Turn off/on all green visibility lights except the one clicked

Exporting

Still Frame

Export - Using Quicktime conversion - Format - Still image

Photoshop - "lter - video - Deinterlaced - image size

Quicktime Movie

Export - Quicktime movie

Self-contained quicktime movie contains all your audio, video and render "les fully mixed one big "le

Reference quicktime movie contains all your audio and pointers that point to where the video and render

files are stored on your system.

Both are same content and quality

All compressed "les are self contained

Reasons to make a quicktime movie self contained

when sending the "le to someone else

when you need to keep it on your system for a long period

when you are working in HDV or XDCAM

when you are "xing an output problem

when exporting your sequence to create a compressed "le for DVD or web make it a reference movie Current Setting is best but if you change setting check recompress all frame

Exporting Quicktime conversion

You can change different format but not the best quality

Exporting - Using Compressor

Good for Motion sequence

output lay project to tape

export lay project to digital "le

Outputting to Tape

“Output” "les that record on tape, “export” "les that play on the computer

Print to Video is generally the best choice

Use Edit to Tape only when you need to record to a speci"c timecode on the tape

Never play the Timeline to tape, the quality isn’t high enough

File - Print to Video

Set Black 10 sec and Trailer 60 sec then OK

Broadcasting Standard - Color Bar 60, Black 10, Slate 10, Black 10

Tone Level : DV (-12) Digibeta (-20)

Slate - Text

Industry Standard : Program Name / Prod. / Dir. / Agency / - Today’s Date - TRT: (Total running time) DFTC (Drop frame timecode) -- Stereo mix

Edit to tape : Erase tape and overwrite

Shortcuts

Control + 8 = Opens Print to Video

Cmd + Q = Quit Final Cut Pro